摄像机标定在机器视觉技术中具有重要意义。针对传统三维物标定方法操作繁琐，BP神经网络标定受初始权值和阈值影响的问题，提出一种基于光轴会聚模型的思维进化-神经网络标定方法。利用BP神经网络可逼近非线性函数，思维进化算法具有较强全局寻优能力，有效解决了BP神经网络易陷入局部最小以及初始权值、阈值随机化问题。实验证明，与经典张正友标定法、BP神经网络方法相比，改进进化神经网络标定法可获得更好的双目标定精度。

Precisely distinguishing between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and normal human colonic mucosa at the cellular level is of great medical significance. In this work, multiphoton laser scanning microscopy (MPLSM) was used to obtain the high-contrast images and the morphological characteristics from normal colonic mucosa, hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenoma. By integrating the length and area measurement tools and computing tool, we quantified the difference of crypt morphology and the alteration of nuclei in normal and diseased human colonic mucosa. Our results demonstrated that the morphology of crypts had an obvious tendency to cystic dilatation or elongated in hyperplastic polyps and tubular adenoma. The content and number of mucin droplets of the scattered goblet cells had a piecemeal reduction in hyperplastic polyps and a large decrease in tubular adenoma. The nuclei of epithelial cells might be elongated and pseudostratified, but overt dysplasia was absent in hyperplastic polyps. Nevertheless, the nuclei showed enlarged, crowded, stratified and a rod-like structure, with loss of polarity in tubular adenoma. These results suggest that MPLSM has the capacity to distinguish between hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps and normal human colonic mucosa at the cellular level.

Elastic cartilage in the rabbit external ear is an important animal model with attractive potential value for researching the physiological and pathological states of cartilages especially during wound healing. In this work, nonlinear optical microscopy based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation were employed for imaging and quantifying the intact elastic cartilage. The morphology and distribution of main components in elastic cartilage including cartilage cells, collagen and elastic fibers were clearly observed from the high-resolution two-dimensional nonlinear optical images. The areas of cell nuclei, a parameter related to the pathological changes of normal or abnormal elastic cartilage, can be easily quantified. Moreover, the three-dimensional structure of chondrocytes and matrix were displayed by constructing three-dimensional image of cartilage tissue. At last, the emission spectra from cartilage were obtained and analyzed. We found that the different ratio of collagen over elastic fibers can be used to locate the observed position in the elastic cartilage. The redox ratio based on the ratio of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) over flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) fluorescence can also be calculated to analyze the metabolic state of chondrocytes in different regions. Our results demonstrated that this technique has the potential to provide more accurate and comprehensive information for the physiological states of elastic cartilage.

Multiphoton microscopy (MPM), based on two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation, enables direct noninvasive visualization of tissue architecture and cell morphology in live tissues without the administration of exogenous contrast agents. In this paper, we used MPM to image the microstructures of the mucosa in fresh, unfixed, and unstained intestinal tissue of mouse. The morphology and distribution of the main components in mucosa layer such as columnar cells, goblet cells, intestinal glands, and a little collagen fibers were clearly observed in MPM images, and then compared with standard H&E images from paired specimens. Our results indicate that MPM combined with endoscopy and miniaturization probes has the potential application in the clinical diagnosis and in vivo monitoring of early intestinal cancer.

分析了初始控制量对迭代学习控制(ILC)算法收敛速度及跟踪精度的影响, 为保证ILC算法对任意期望轨迹的跟踪性能, 提出了一种基于T-S模糊模型的ILC算法初始控制量确定方法。利用模糊系统理论对未知非线性对象进行离线逆建模, 实现对象逆模型参数化, 根据模糊逆模型求得任意期望轨迹下的初始控制量, 将其作为ILC算法的理想初始控制量进行迭代学习。倒立摆系统仿真实验表明, 算法能快速跟踪上设定点, 与任意选取初始控制量相比能有效减少迭代次数, 提高跟踪精度, 具有更好的动态性能。

用于交通监控或区域安防监控的主动近红外摄像机是夜视系统的一个重要应用，作用距离是它重要的性能指标和进行系统设计的主要依据。针对主动近红外成像系统的设计与分析需要，提出一种用于评价主动近红外成像系统作用距离的方法，用于判定系统对给定距离上的目标的探测能力。该方法在利用大气传输理论计算主动照明光源在标称距离处目标上的辐照度分布的基础上，采用等效照明的原理实现了对辐照度分布的近距离模拟；结合约翰逊准则和成像理论评价了待测系统对标称距离处目标的探测能力。根据该方法对主动近红外摄像机进行了检测，并与室外实测结果进行了对比分析；检测方法适用于一般的光电成像系统。

基于多光束干涉理论和摄像系统的光谱响应特性，建立了润滑油膜彩色光干涉测量的色度学模型，以红绿双色光干涉测量为例设计了计算机程序复现了油膜厚度测量的干涉图像。双色光干涉的理论计算和实验测量取得了很好的一致性。进一步的计算表明，润滑油膜双色光干涉图像的色彩主要受光源双色光的半峰全宽、析光膜厚度、垫层厚度及润滑介质特性的影响。在所设定的计算参数条件下，双色光的半峰全宽较窄，析光膜厚度为4~10 nm和垫层厚度较薄时图像的对比度较高。